Scots (843-1237)
In this period Scots lived in an uneasy peace with their northern (Viking) and southern (Angle and Norman) neighbours and began to adopt some of their cultures.
On the northern islands, particularly Shetland, Viking culture made a mark; in southern border areas Angle and Norman cultural influences left magnificent abbeys (such as at Melrose; Jedburgh and Dryburgh).
At the same time Scotland began to divide into Scots speakers in the Lowlands and Gaelic speakers in the Highlands.